sqlalchemy-alembic-expert-best-practices-code-review

SQLAlchemy ORM and Alembic migration best practices for building safe, performant database schemas. This skill should be used when writing, reviewing, or…

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SKILL.md

SQLAlchemy & Alembic Expert Best Practices

Simple, pragmatic, opinionated. Only what matters for writing production-grade SQLAlchemy and Alembic code.

When to Apply

Reference these guidelines when:

  • Writing Alembic migrations for schema changes
  • Creating or modifying SQLAlchemy models
  • Adding indexes, constraints, or foreign keys via Alembic
  • Reviewing database migration code for safety
  • Refactoring existing database schemas
  • Optimizing query patterns or database performance

Rule Categories by Priority

Priority

Category

Impact

Prefix

1

Index Management

CRITICAL-HIGH

only-concurrent-indexes, verify-query-patterns-are-indexed

2

Constraint Safety

HIGH

unique-constraint, split-foreign-key, change-column-type

3

Optimization

MEDIUM

split-check-constraint, limit-non-unique-index

4

Index Efficiency

LOW

ensure-index-not-covered

Quick Reference

  • only-concurrent-indexes - Always use postgresql_concurrently=True with autocommit blocks for index operations
  • verify-query-patterns-are-indexed - Ensure SQLAlchemy queries have appropriate indexes defined
  • unique-constraint - Split unique constraint creation into concurrent index + constraint steps
  • split-foreign-key - Add foreign keys with NOT VALID first, then validate separately
  • change-column-type - Use multi-step approach for column type changes to avoid table locks
  • split-check-constraint - Add check constraints with NOT VALID first, then validate separately
  • limit-non-unique-index - Limit non-unique indexes to maximum three columns for efficiency
  • ensure-index-not-covered - Prevent redundant indexes that are already covered by composite indexes

How to Use

Read individual rule files for detailed explanations and code examples:

rules/only-concurrent-indexes.md

rules/verify-query-patterns-are-indexed.md

rules/unique-constraint.md

rules/split-foreign-key.md

rules/change-column-type.md

rules/split-check-constraint.md

rules/limit-non-unique-index.md

rules/ensure-index-not-covered.md

Each rule file contains:

  • Brief explanation of why it matters
  • Impact level and description
  • Incorrect SQLAlchemy/Alembic example with explanation
  • Correct implementation with best practices
  • Additional context for safe migrations
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