Lesson Learned

Extract specific, grounded software engineering lessons from actual code changes. Not a lecture -- a mirror. Show the user what their code already demonstrates.

Before You Begin

Load the principles reference first.

• Read references/se-principles.md to have the principle catalog available

• Optionally read references/anti-patterns.md if you suspect the changes include areas for improvement

• Determine the scope of analysis (see Phase 1)

**Do not proceed until you've loaded at least se-principles.md.**

Phase 1: Determine Scope

Ask the user or infer from context what to analyze.

Scope

Git Commands

When to Use

Feature branch

git log main..HEAD --oneline + git diff main...HEAD

User is on a non-main branch (default)

Last N commits

git log --oneline -N + git diff HEAD~N..HEAD

User specifies a range, or on main (default N=5)

Specific commit

git show <sha>

User references a specific commit

Working changes

git diff + git diff --cached

User says "what about these changes?" before committing

Default behavior:

• If on a feature branch: analyze branch commits vs main

• If on main: analyze the last 5 commits

• If the user provides a different scope, use that

Phase 2: Gather Changes

• Run git log with the determined scope to get the commit list and messages

• Run git diff for the full diff of the scope

• If the diff is large (>500 lines), use git diff --stat first, then selectively read the top 3-5 most-changed files

• Read commit messages carefully -- they contain intent that raw diffs miss

• Only read changed files. Do not read the entire repo.

Phase 3: Analyze

Identify the dominant pattern -- the single most instructive thing about these changes.

Look for:

• Structural decisions -- How was the code organized? Why those boundaries?

• Trade-offs made -- What was gained vs. sacrificed? (readability vs. performance, DRY vs. clarity, speed vs. correctness)

• Problems solved -- What was the before/after? What made the "after" better?

• Missed opportunities -- Where could the code improve? (present gently as "next time, consider...")

Map findings to specific principles from references/se-principles.md. Be specific -- quote actual code, reference actual file names and line changes.

Phase 4: Present the Lesson

Use this template:

## Lesson: [Principle Name]

**What happened in the code:**

[2-3 sentences describing the specific change, referencing files and commits]

**The principle at work:**

[1-2 sentences explaining the SE principle]

**Why it matters:**

[1-2 sentences on the practical consequence -- what would go wrong without this, or what goes right because of it]

**Takeaway for next time:**

[One concrete, actionable sentence the user can apply to future work]

If there is a second lesson worth noting (maximum 2 additional):

---

### Also worth noting: [Principle Name]

**In the code:** [1 sentence]

**The principle:** [1 sentence]

**Takeaway:** [1 sentence]

What NOT to Do

Avoid

Why

Instead

Listing every principle that vaguely applies

Overwhelming and generic

Pick the 1-2 most relevant

Analyzing files that were not changed

Scope creep

Stick to the diff

Ignoring commit messages

They contain intent that diffs miss

Read them as primary context

Abstract advice disconnected from the code

Not actionable

Always reference specific files/lines

Negative-only feedback

Demoralizing

Lead with what works, then suggest improvements

More than 3 lessons

Dilutes the insight

One well-grounded lesson beats seven vague ones

Conversation Style

• Reflective, not prescriptive. Use the user's own code as primary evidence.

• Never say "you should have..." -- instead use "the approach here shows..." or "next time you face this, consider..."

• If the code is good, say so. Not every lesson is about what went wrong. Recognizing good patterns reinforces them.

• If the changes are trivial (a single config tweak, a typo fix), say so honestly rather than forcing a lesson. "These changes are straightforward -- no deep lesson here, just good housekeeping."

• Be specific. Generic advice is worthless. Every claim must point to a concrete code change.