gh-stack

$27

• Break a large change into a chain of small, reviewable PRs

• Create, rebase, push, or sync a stack of dependent branches

• Navigate between layers of a branch stack

• View the status of stacked PRs

• Tear down and rebuild a stack to remove, reorder, or rename branches

Prerequisites

The GitHub CLI (gh) v2.0+ must be installed and authenticated. Install the extension with:

gh extension install github/gh-stack

Before using gh stack, configure git to prevent interactive prompts:

git config rerere.enabled true           # remember conflict resolutions (skips prompt on init)

git config remote.pushDefault origin     # if multiple remotes exist (skips remote picker)

Agent rules

**All gh stack commands must be run non-interactively.** Every command invocation must include the flags and positional arguments needed to avoid prompts, TUIs, and interactive menus. If a command would prompt for input, it will hang indefinitely.

• Always supply branch names as positional arguments to init, add, and checkout. Running these commands without arguments triggers interactive prompts.

• **When a prefix is set, pass only the suffix to add.** gh stack add auth with prefix feat → feat/auth. Passing feat/auth creates feat/feat/auth.

• **Always use --auto with gh stack submit** to auto-generate PR titles. Without --auto, submit prompts for a title for each new PR.

• **Always use --json with gh stack view.** Without --json, the command launches an interactive TUI that cannot be operated by agents. There is no other appropriate flag — always pass --json.

• **Use --remote <name> when multiple remotes are configured**, or pre-configure git config remote.pushDefault origin. Without this, push, submit, sync, link, and checkout trigger an interactive remote picker.

• Avoid branches shared across multiple stacks. If a branch belongs to multiple stacks, commands exit with code 6. Check out a non-shared branch first.

• Plan your stack layers by dependency order before writing code. Foundational changes (models, APIs, shared utilities) go in lower branches; dependent changes (UI, consumers) go in higher branches. Think through the dependency chain before running gh stack init.

• **Use standard git add and git commit for staging and committing.** This gives you full control over which changes go into each branch. The -Am shortcut is available but should not be the default approach—stacked PRs are most effective when each branch contains a deliberate, logical set of changes.

• Navigate down the stack when you need to change a lower layer. If you're working on a frontend branch and realize you need API changes, don't hack around it at the current layer. Navigate to the appropriate branch (gh stack down, gh stack checkout, or gh stack bottom), make and commit the changes there, run gh stack rebase --upstack, then navigate back up to continue.

• **Use gh stack link for external tool workflows.** When branches are managed by an external tool (jj, Sapling, etc.), use gh stack link branch-a branch-b. link does not rely on local tracking state and is intended for API-driven PR and stack management. Always provide at least 2 branch names or PR numbers.

Never do any of the following — each triggers an interactive prompt or TUI that will hang:

• ❌ gh stack view or gh stack view --short — always use gh stack view --json

• ❌ gh stack submit without --auto — always use gh stack submit --auto

• ❌ gh stack init without branch arguments — always provide branch names

• ❌ gh stack add without a branch name — always provide a branch name

• ❌ gh stack checkout without an argument — always provide a PR number or branch name

• ❌ gh stack checkout <pr-number> when a different local stack already exists on those branches — this triggers an unbypassable conflict resolution prompt; use gh stack unstack first to remove the local stack, then retry the checkout

Thinking about stack structure

Each branch in a stack should represent a discrete, logical unit of work that can be reviewed independently. The changes within a branch should be cohesive—they belong together and make sense as a single PR.

Dependency chain

Stacked branches form a dependency chain: each branch builds on the one below it. This means foundational changes must go in lower (earlier) branches, and code that depends on them goes in higher (later) branches.

Plan your layers before writing code. For example, a full-stack feature might be structured like this (use branch names relevant to your actual task, not these generic ones):

main (trunk)

 └── feat/data-models    ← shared types, database schema

  └── feat/api-endpoints ← API routes that use the models

   └── feat/frontend-ui  ← UI components that call the APIs

    └── feat/integration ← tests that exercise the full stack

This is illustrative — choose branch names and layer boundaries that reflect the specific work you're doing. The key principle is: if code in one layer depends on code in another, the dependency must be in the same branch or a lower one.

Branch naming

Prefer initializing stacks with a prefix (-p). Prefixes group branches under a namespace (e.g., feat/auth, feat/api) and keep branch names clean and consistent. When a prefix is set, pass only the suffix to subsequent add calls — the prefix is applied automatically. Without a prefix, you'll need to pass the full branch name each time.

Staging changes deliberately

The main reason to use git add and git commit directly is to control which changes go into which branch. When you have multiple files in your working tree, you can stage a subset for the current branch, commit them, then create a new branch and stage the rest there:

# You're on feat/data-models with several new files in your working tree.

# Stage only the model files for this branch:

git add internal/models/user.go internal/models/session.go

git commit -m "Add user and session models"

git add db/migrations/001_create_users.sql

git commit -m "Add user table migration"

# Now create a new branch for the API layer and stage the API files there:

gh stack add api-routes # created & switched to feat/api-routes branch

git add internal/api/routes.go internal/api/handlers.go

git commit -m "Add user API routes"

This keeps each branch focused on one concern. Multiple commits per branch are fine — the key is that all commits in a branch relate to the same logical concern, and changes that belong to a different concern go in a different branch.

When to create a new branch

Create a new branch (gh stack add) when you're starting a different concern that depends on what you've built so far. Signs it's time for a new branch:

• You're switching from backend to frontend work

• You're moving from core logic to tests or documentation

• The next set of changes has a different reviewer audience

• The current branch's PR is already large enough to review

One stack, one story

Think of a stack from the reviewer's perspective: the stack of PRs should tell a cohesive story about a feature or project. A reviewer should be able to read the PRs in sequence and understand the progression of changes, with each PR being a small, logical piece of the whole.

When to use a single stack: All the branches are part of the same feature, project, or closely related effort. Even if the work spans multiple concerns (models, API, frontend), they're all building toward the same goal.

When to create a separate stack: The work is unrelated to your current stack — a different feature, a bug fix in an unrelated area, or an independent refactor. Don't mix unrelated work into a single stack just because you happen to be working on both. Start a new stack with gh stack init or switch to an existing stack with gh stack checkout for each distinct effort.

Small, incidental fixes (e.g., fixing a typo you noticed) can go in the current stack if they're trivial. But if a change grows into its own project, it deserves its own stack.

Quick reference

Task

Command

Create a stack (recommended)

gh stack init -p feat auth

Create a stack without prefix

gh stack init auth

Create a stack of multiple branches

gh stack init auth api frontend

Adopt existing branches

gh stack init existing-branch-a existing-branch-b

Set custom trunk

gh stack init --base develop branch-a

Add a branch to stack (suffix only if prefix set)

gh stack add api-routes

Add branch + stage all + commit

gh stack add -Am "message" api-routes

Push branches to remote

gh stack push

Push to specific remote

gh stack push --remote origin

Push branches + create draft PRs

gh stack submit --auto

Create PRs as ready for review

gh stack submit --auto --open

Sync (fetch, rebase, push)

gh stack sync

Sync with specific remote

gh stack sync --remote origin

Sync and prune merged branches

gh stack sync --prune

Rebase entire stack

gh stack rebase

Rebase upstack only

gh stack rebase --upstack

Continue after conflict

gh stack rebase --continue

Abort rebase

gh stack rebase --abort

View stack details (JSON)

gh stack view --json

Switch branches up/down in stack

gh stack up [n] / gh stack down [n]

Switch to top/bottom branch

gh stack top / gh stack bottom

Check out by PR

gh stack checkout 42

Check out by branch (local only)

gh stack checkout feature-auth

Tear down a stack to restructure it

gh stack unstack

Workflows

End-to-end: create a stack from scratch

# 1. Initialize a stack with the first branch

gh stack init -p feat auth

# → creates feat/auth and checks it out

# 2. Write code for the first layer (auth)

cat > auth.go << 'EOF'

package auth

func Middleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {

    return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

        // verify token

        next.ServeHTTP(w, r)

    })

}

EOF

# 3. Stage and commit using standard git commands

git add auth.go

git commit -m "Add auth middleware"

# You can make multiple commits on the same branch

cat > auth_test.go << 'EOF'

package auth

func TestMiddleware(t *testing.T) {

    // test auth middleware

}

EOF

git add auth_test.go

git commit -m "Add auth middleware tests"

# 4. When you're ready for a new concern, add the next branch

gh stack add api-routes

# → creates feat/api-routes (prefix applied automatically — just pass the suffix)

# 5. Write code for the API layer

cat > api.go << 'EOF'

package api

func RegisterRoutes(mux *http.ServeMux) {

    mux.HandleFunc("/users", handleUsers)

}

EOF

git add api.go

git commit -m "Add API routes"

# 6. Add a third layer for frontend

gh stack add frontend

# → creates feat/frontend (just the suffix — prefix is automatic)

cat > frontend.go << 'EOF'

package frontend

func RenderDashboard(w http.ResponseWriter) {

    // calls the API endpoints from the layer below

}

EOF

git add frontend.go

git commit -m "Add frontend dashboard"

# ── Stack complete: feat/auth → feat/api-routes → feat/frontend ──

# 7. Push everything and create PRs (drafts by default)

gh stack submit --auto

# 8. Verify the stack

gh stack view --json

Shortcut: If you prefer a faster flow, gh stack add -Am "message" branch-name combines staging, committing, and branch creation into one command. This is useful for single-commit layers but bypasses deliberate staging.

Making mid-stack changes

This is a critical workflow for agents. When you're working on a higher layer and realize you need to change something in a lower layer (e.g., you're building frontend components but need to add an API endpoint), navigate down to the correct branch, make the change there, and rebase.

# You're on feat/frontend but need to add an API endpoint

# 1. Navigate to the API branch

gh stack down

# or: gh stack checkout feat/api-routes

# 2. Make the change where it belongs

cat > users_api.go << 'EOF'

package api

func handleGetUser(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

    // new endpoint the frontend needs

}

EOF

git add users_api.go

git commit -m "Add get-user endpoint"

# 3. Rebase everything above to pick up the change

gh stack rebase --upstack

# 4. Navigate back to where you were working

gh stack top

# or: gh stack checkout feat/frontend

# 5. Continue working — the API changes are now available

Why this matters: If you make API changes on the frontend branch, those changes will end up in the wrong PR. The API PR won't include them, and the frontend PR will have unrelated API diffs mixed in. Always put changes in the branch where they logically belong.

Modify a mid-stack branch and sync

When you need to revisit a branch after the initial creation (e.g., responding to review feedback):

# 1. Navigate to the branch that needs changes

gh stack bottom

# or: gh stack checkout feat/auth

# or: gh stack checkout 42  (by PR number)

# 2. Make changes and commit

cat > auth.go << 'EOF'

package auth

// updated implementation

EOF

git add auth.go

git commit -m "Fix auth token validation"

# 3. Rebase everything above this branch

gh stack rebase --upstack

# 4. Push the updated stack

gh stack push

Routine sync after merges

# Single command: fetch, rebase, push, sync PR state

gh stack sync

# Sync and automatically clean up local branches for merged PRs

gh stack sync --prune

Note for agents: In non-interactive environments, the prune prompt is not shown. Use --prune explicitly to delete local branches for merged PRs.

Squash-merge recovery

When a PR is squash-merged on GitHub, the original branch's commits no longer exist in the trunk history. gh stack detects this automatically and uses git rebase --onto to correctly replay remaining commits.

# After PR #1 (feat/auth) is squash-merged on GitHub:

gh stack sync

# → fetches latest, detects the merge, fast-forwards trunk

# → rebases feat/api-routes onto updated trunk (skips merged branch)

# → rebases feat/frontend onto feat/api-routes

# → pushes updated branches

# → reports: "Merged: #1"

# Verify the result

gh stack view --json

# → feat/auth shows "isMerged": true, "state": "MERGED"

# → feat/api-routes and feat/frontend show updated heads

If sync hits a conflict during this process, it restores all branches to their pre-rebase state and exits with code 3. See [Handle rebase conflicts](#handle-rebase-conflicts-agent-workflow) for the resolution workflow.

Handle rebase conflicts (agent workflow)

# 1. Start the rebase

gh stack rebase

# 2. If exit code 3 (conflict):

#    - Parse stderr for conflicted file paths

#    - Read those files to find <<<<<<< / ======= / >>>>>>> markers

#    - Edit files to resolve conflicts

#    - Stage resolved files:

git add path/to/resolved-file.go

# 3. Continue the rebase

gh stack rebase --continue

# 4. If another conflict occurs, repeat steps 2-3

# 5. If unable to resolve, abort to restore everything

gh stack rebase --abort

Parsing --json output

# Get stack state as JSON

output=$(gh stack view --json)

# Check if any branch needs a rebase, and rebase if so

needs_rebase=$(echo "$output" | jq '[.branches[] | select(.needsRebase == true)] | length')

if [ "$needs_rebase" -gt 0 ]; then

  echo "Branches need rebase, rebasing stack..."

  gh stack rebase

fi

# Get all open PR URLs

echo "$output" | jq -r '.branches[] | select(.pr.state == "OPEN") | .pr.url'

# Find merged branches

echo "$output" | jq -r '.branches[] | select(.isMerged == true) | .name'

# Get the current branch

echo "$output" | jq -r '.currentBranch'

# Check if the stack is fully merged (all branches merged)

echo "$output" | jq '[.branches[] | .isMerged] | all'

Restructure a stack (remove a branch, reorder, or rename)

Use unstack to tear down the stack, make structural changes, then re-init:

# 1. Remove the stack (locally and on GitHub)

gh stack unstack

# 2. Make structural changes — e.g. delete a branch, reorder, rename

git branch -m old-branch-1 new-branch-1

# 3. Re-create the stack with the new structure

gh stack init --base main new-branch-1 new-branch-2 new-branch-3

Commands

Initialize a stack — gh stack init

Creates a new stack. Always provide at least one branch name as a positional argument — running without branch arguments triggers interactive prompts that agents cannot use.

gh stack init [flags] <branches...>

# Set a branch prefix (recommended — subsequent `add` calls only need the suffix)

gh stack init -p feat auth

# → creates feat/auth

# Multi-part prefix (slashes are fine — suffix-only rule still applies)

gh stack init -p monalisa/billing auth

# → creates monalisa/billing/auth

# Create a stack with new branches (no prefix — use full branch names)

gh stack init branch-a branch-b branch-c

# Use a different trunk branch

gh stack init --base develop branch-a branch-b

# Adopt existing branches into a stack (handled automatically if the branches exist)

gh stack init branch-a branch-b branch-c

Flag

Description

-b, --base <branch>

Trunk branch (defaults to the repo's default branch)

-p, --prefix <string>

Branch name prefix. Subsequent add calls only need the suffix (e.g., with -p feat, gh stack add auth creates feat/auth)

Behavior:

• Using -p is recommended — it simplifies branch naming for subsequent add calls

• Creates any branches that don't already exist (branching from the trunk branch)

• Existing branches are adopted automatically; missing branches are created from the trunk

• Checks out the last branch in the list

• Enables git rerere so conflict resolutions are remembered across rebases. On first run in a repo, this may trigger a confirmation prompt — pre-configure with git config rerere.enabled true to avoid it

Add a branch — gh stack add

Add a new branch on top of the current stack. Must be run while on the topmost branch (or the trunk if the stack has no branches yet). Always provide a branch name — running without one triggers an interactive prompt.

gh stack add [flags] <branch>

Recommended workflow — create the branch, then use standard git:

# Create a new branch and switch to it (just the suffix — prefix is applied automatically)

gh stack add api-routes

# Write code, stage deliberately, and commit

git add internal/api/routes.go internal/api/handlers.go

git commit -m "Add user API routes"

# Make more commits on the same branch as needed

git add internal/api/middleware.go

git commit -m "Add rate limiting middleware"

Shortcut — stage, commit, and branch in one command:

# Create a new branch, stage all changes, and commit

gh stack add -Am "Add API routes" api-routes

# Create a new branch, stage tracked files only, and commit

gh stack add -um "Fix auth bug" auth-fix

Flag

Description

-m, --message <string>

Create a commit with this message

-A, --all

Stage all changes including untracked files (requires -m)

-u, --update

Stage tracked files only (requires -m)

Behavior notes:

• -A and -u are mutually exclusive.

• When the current branch has no commits (e.g., right after init), add -Am commits directly on the current branch instead of creating a new one.

• Prefix handling: Only pass the suffix when a prefix is set. gh stack add api with prefix todo → todo/api. Passing todo/api creates todo/todo/api. Without a prefix, pass the full branch name.

• If called from a branch that is not the topmost in the stack, exits with code 5: "can only add branches on top of the stack". Use gh stack top to switch first.

• Uncommitted changes: When using gh stack add branch-name without -Am, any uncommitted changes (staged or unstaged) in your working tree carry over to the new branch. This is standard git behavior — the working tree is not touched. Commit or stash changes on the current branch before running add if you want a clean starting point on the new branch.

Push branches to remote — gh stack push

Push all stack branches to the remote.

gh stack push [flags]

# Push all branches

gh stack push

# Push to specific remote

gh stack push --remote upstream

Flag

Description

--remote <name>

Remote to push to (use if multiple remotes exist)

Behavior:

• Pushes all active (non-merged) branches atomically (--force-with-lease --atomic)

• Does not create or update pull requests — use gh stack submit for that

Output (stderr):

• Pushed N branches summary

Submit branches and create PRs — gh stack submit

Push all stack branches and create PRs on GitHub. **Always pass --auto** — without it, submit prompts for a PR title for each new branch.

# Submit and auto-title new PRs (required for non-interactive use)

gh stack submit --auto

# Submit and create PRs as ready for review (not drafts)

gh stack submit --auto --open

Flag

Description

--auto

Auto-generate PR titles without prompting (required for non-interactive use)

--open

Mark new and existing PRs as ready for review

--remote <name>

Remote to push to (use if multiple remotes exist)

Behavior:

• Pushes all active (non-merged) branches atomically (--force-with-lease --atomic)

• Creates a new PR for each branch that doesn't have one (base set to the first non-merged ancestor branch)

• After creating PRs, links them together as a Stack on GitHub (requires the repository to have stacks enabled)

• If stacks are not available (exit code 9), the repository does not have stacked PRs enabled. In interactive mode, submit offers to create regular (unstacked) PRs instead. In non-interactive mode, it exits with code 9.

• Syncs PR metadata for branches that already have PRs

**PR title auto-generation (--auto):**

• Single commit on branch → uses the commit subject as the PR title, commit body as PR body

• Multiple commits on branch → humanizes the branch name (hyphens/underscores → spaces) as the title

Output (stderr):

• Created PR #N for <branch> for each newly created PR

• PR #N for <branch> is up to date for existing PRs

• Pushed and synced N branches summary

Link branches as a stack (no local tracking) — gh stack link

Link PRs into a stack on GitHub without creating any local tracking state. This is the recommended approach if you are managing stacked branches with other tools (jj, Sapling, git-town) and want to simply create GitHub Stacked PRs via an API.

gh stack link [flags] <branch-or-pr> <branch-or-pr> [...]

# Link branches into a stack (pushes, creates PRs, creates stack)

gh stack link branch-a branch-b branch-c

# Use a different base branch and mark PRs as ready for review

gh stack link --base develop --open branch-a branch-b branch-c

# Link existing PRs by number

gh stack link 10 20 30

# Add branches to an existing stack of PRs

gh stack link 42 43 feature-auth feature-ui

Flag

Description

--base <branch>

Base branch for the bottom of the stack (default: main)

--open

Mark new and existing PRs as ready for review

--remote <name>

Remote to push to (use if multiple remotes exist)

Behavior:

• Arguments are provided in stack order (bottom to top)

• Each argument can be a branch name or a PR number. Numeric arguments are tried as PR numbers first; if no PR with that number exists, the argument is treated as a branch name

• Branch arguments are pushed to the remote automatically (non-force, atomic)

• For branches without open PRs, new PRs are created with auto-generated titles and the correct base branch chaining (first branch uses --base, subsequent branches use the previous branch)

• Existing PRs whose base branch doesn't match the expected chain are corrected automatically

• If the PRs are not yet in a stack, a new stack is created. If some PRs are already in a stack, the stack is updated (additive only — existing PRs are never removed)

• Does not create or modify any local state

Output (stderr):

• Pushing N branches to <remote>...

• Found PR #N for branch <name> for branches with existing PRs

• Created PR #N for <branch> (base: <base>) for newly created PRs

• Updated base branch for PR #N to <base> when base branches are corrected

• Created stack with N PRs or Updated stack to N PRs

Sync the stack — gh stack sync

Fetch, rebase, push, and sync PR state in a single command. This is the recommended command for routine synchronization.

gh stack sync [flags]

Flag

Description

--remote <name>

Remote to fetch from and push to (use if multiple remotes exist)

--prune

Delete local branches for merged PRs

What it does (in order):

• Fetch latest changes from the remote

• Fast-forward trunk to match remote (skips if already up to date, warns if diverged)

• Cascade rebase all stack branches onto their updated parents (only if trunk moved). Handles merged PRs automatically. If a conflict is detected, all branches are restored to their pre-rebase state and the command exits with code 3 — see [Handle rebase conflicts](#handle-rebase-conflicts-agent-workflow) for the resolution workflow

• Push all active branches atomically

• Sync PR state from GitHub and report the status of each PR

• Prune — in interactive terminals, prompts to delete local branches for merged PRs. Use --prune to skip the prompt. In non-interactive environments, pruning only happens when --prune is passed explicitly

Output (stderr):

• ✓ Fetched latest changes from origin

• ✓ Trunk main fast-forwarded to <sha> or ✓ Trunk main is already up to date

• ✓ Rebased <branch> onto <base> per branch (if base moved)

• ✓ Pushed N branches

• ✓ PR #N (<branch>) — Open per branch

• Merged: #N, #M for merged branches

• ✓ Pruned <branch> (merged) per pruned branch (when pruning)

• ✓ Stack synced

Rebase the stack — gh stack rebase

Pull from remote and cascade-rebase stack branches. Use this when sync reports a conflict or when you need finer control (e.g., rebase only part of the stack).

gh stack rebase [flags] [branch]

# Rebase the entire stack

gh stack rebase

# Rebase only branches from trunk to current branch

gh stack rebase --downstack

# Rebase only branches from current branch to top

gh stack rebase --upstack

# After resolving a conflict: stage files with `git add`, then:

gh stack rebase --continue

# Abort and restore all branches to pre-rebase state

gh stack rebase --abort

Flag

Description

--downstack

Only rebase branches from trunk to the current branch

--upstack

Only rebase branches from the current branch to the top

--continue

Continue after resolving conflicts

--abort

Abort and restore all branches

--remote <name>

Remote to fetch from (use if multiple remotes exist)

Argument

Description

[branch]

Target branch (defaults to the current branch)

Conflict handling: See [Handle rebase conflicts](#handle-rebase-conflicts-agent-workflow) in the Workflows section for the full resolution workflow.

Merged PR detection: If a branch's PR was merged on GitHub, the rebase automatically handles this using --onto mode and correctly replays commits on top of the merge target.

Rerere (conflict memory): git rerere is enabled by init so previously resolved conflicts are auto-resolved in future rebases.

View the stack — gh stack view

Display the current stack's branches, PR status, and recent commits. **Always pass --json** — without it, this command launches an interactive TUI that agents cannot operate.

# Always use --json

gh stack view --json

Flag

Description

--json

Output stack data as JSON to stdout (required for non-interactive use)

**--json output format:**

{

  "trunk": "main",

  "prefix": "feat",

  "currentBranch": "feat/api-routes",

  "branches": [

    {

      "name": "feat/auth",

      "head": "abc1234...",

      "base": "def5678...",

      "isCurrent": false,

      "isMerged": true,

      "needsRebase": false,

      "pr": {

        "number": 42,

        "url": "https://github.com/owner/repo/pull/42",

        "state": "MERGED"

      }

    },

    {

      "name": "feat/api-routes",

      "head": "789abcd...",

      "base": "abc1234...",

      "isCurrent": true,

      "isMerged": false,

      "needsRebase": false,

      "pr": {

        "number": 43,

        "url": "https://github.com/owner/repo/pull/43",

        "state": "OPEN"

      }

    }

  ]

}

Fields per branch:

• name — branch name

• head — current HEAD SHA

• base — parent branch's HEAD SHA at last sync

• isCurrent — whether this is the checked-out branch

• isMerged — whether the PR has been merged

• needsRebase — whether the base branch is not an ancestor (non-linear history)

• pr — PR metadata (omitted if no PR exists). state is "OPEN" or "MERGED".

Navigate the stack

Move between branches without remembering branch names. These commands are fully non-interactive.

gh stack up          # Move up one branch (further from trunk)

gh stack up 3        # Move up three branches

gh stack down        # Move down one branch (closer to trunk)

gh stack down 2      # Move down two branches

gh stack top         # Jump to the top of the stack (furthest from trunk)

gh stack bottom      # Jump to the bottom (first non-merged branch above trunk)

Navigation clamps to stack bounds. Merged branches are skipped when navigating from active branches.

Check out a stack — gh stack checkout

Check out a stack from a pull request number or branch name. Always provide an argument — running gh stack checkout without arguments triggers an interactive selection menu.

gh stack checkout <pr-number | branch>

# By PR number (pulls from GitHub)

gh stack checkout 42

# By branch name (local only)

gh stack checkout feature-auth

When a PR number is provided (e.g. 123), the command fetches the stack on GitHub, pulls the branches, and sets up the stack locally. If the stack already exists locally and matches, it switches to the branch.

⚠️ Agent warning: If the local and remote stacks have different branch compositions, this command triggers an interactive conflict-resolution prompt that cannot be bypassed with a flag. To avoid this: run gh stack unstack first to remove the conflicting local stack, then retry gh stack checkout <pr-number>.

When a branch name is provided, the command resolves it against locally tracked stacks only. This is always safe for non-interactive use.

Remove a stack — gh stack unstack

Tear down a stack so you can restructure it — remove a branch, reorder branches, rename branches, or make other large changes. After unstacking, use gh stack init to re-create the stack with the desired structure.

You must have a branch from the stack checked out locally. The command targets the active stack — the one that contains the currently checked out branch.

gh stack unstack [flags]

# Tear down the stack (locally and on GitHub), then rebuild

gh stack unstack

gh stack init --base main branch-2 branch-1 branch-3 # reordered

# Only remove local tracking (keep the stack on GitHub)

gh stack unstack --local

Flag

Description

--local

Only delete the stack locally (keep it on GitHub)

Output conventions

• Status messages go to stderr with emoji prefixes: ✓ (success), ✗ (error), ⚠ (warning), ℹ (info).

• Data output (e.g., view --json) goes to stdout.

• When piping output, use 2>/dev/null to suppress status messages if only data output is needed.

Exit codes and error recovery

Code

Meaning

Agent action

0

Success

Proceed normally

1

Generic error

Read stderr for details; may indicate commit/push failure

2

Not in a stack

Run gh stack init to create a stack first

3

Rebase conflict

Parse stderr for conflicted file paths, resolve conflicts, run gh stack rebase --continue

4

GitHub API failure

Check gh auth status, retry the command

5

Invalid arguments

Fix the command invocation (check flags and arguments)

6

Disambiguation required

A branch belongs to multiple stacks. Run gh stack checkout <specific-branch> to switch to a non-shared branch first

7

Rebase already in progress

Run gh stack rebase --continue (after resolving conflicts) or gh stack rebase --abort to start over

8

Stack is locked

Another gh stack process is writing the stack file. Wait and retry — the lock times out after 5 seconds

9

Stacked PRs unavailable

The repository does not have stacked PRs enabled. submit will offer to create regular (unstacked) PRs in interactive mode

Known limitations

• Stacks are strictly linear. Branching stacks (multiple children on a single parent) are not supported. Each branch has exactly one parent and at most one child. If you need parallel workstreams, use separate stacks.

• Stack disambiguation cannot be bypassed. If the current branch is the trunk of multiple stacks, commands error with code 6. Check out a non-shared branch first.

• **Multiple remotes require --remote or config.** If more than one remote is configured, pass --remote <name> or set remote.pushDefault in git config before running push, sync, or rebase.

• Merging PRs: Merging Stacked PRs from the CLI is not supported yet. Direct users to open the PR URL in a browser to merge PRs.

• Remote stack checkout requires a PR number. checkout with a branch name only works with locally tracked stacks. Use a PR number (e.g. gh stack checkout 123) to pull stacks from GitHub.

• PR title and body are auto-generated. There is no flag to set a custom PR title or body during submit. The title and body are generated from commit messages plus a footer. Use gh pr edit to modify PR title and body after creation.