Financial Analyst Skill

Overview

Production-ready financial analysis toolkit providing ratio analysis, DCF valuation, budget variance analysis, and rolling forecast construction. Designed for financial modeling, forecasting & budgeting, management reporting, business performance analysis, and investment analysis.

5-Phase Workflow

Phase 1: Scoping

• Define analysis objectives and stakeholder requirements

• Identify data sources and time periods

• Establish materiality thresholds and accuracy targets

• Select appropriate analytical frameworks

Phase 2: Data Analysis & Modeling

• Collect and validate financial data (income statement, balance sheet, cash flow)

• Validate input data completeness before running ratio calculations (check for missing fields, nulls, or implausible values)

• Calculate financial ratios across 5 categories (profitability, liquidity, leverage, efficiency, valuation)

• Build DCF models with WACC and terminal value calculations; cross-check DCF outputs against sanity bounds (e.g., implied multiples vs. comparables)

• Construct budget variance analyses with favorable/unfavorable classification

• Develop driver-based forecasts with scenario modeling

Phase 3: Insight Generation

• Interpret ratio trends and benchmark against industry standards

• Identify material variances and root causes

• Assess valuation ranges through sensitivity analysis

• Evaluate forecast scenarios (base/bull/bear) for decision support

Phase 4: Reporting

• Generate executive summaries with key findings

• Produce detailed variance reports by department and category

• Deliver DCF valuation reports with sensitivity tables

• Present rolling forecasts with trend analysis

Phase 5: Follow-up

• Track forecast accuracy (target: +/-5% revenue, +/-3% expenses)

• Monitor report delivery timeliness (target: 100% on time)

• Update models with actuals as they become available

• Refine assumptions based on variance analysis

Tools

1. Ratio Calculator ( scripts/ratio_calculator.py )

Calculate and interpret financial ratios from financial statement data.

Ratio Categories:

• Profitability: ROE, ROA, Gross Margin, Operating Margin, Net Margin

• Liquidity: Current Ratio, Quick Ratio, Cash Ratio

• Leverage: Debt-to-Equity, Interest Coverage, DSCR

• Efficiency: Asset Turnover, Inventory Turnover, Receivables Turnover, DSO

• Valuation: P/E, P/B, P/S, EV/EBITDA, PEG Ratio

python scripts/ratio_calculator.py sample_financial_data.json

python scripts/ratio_calculator.py sample_financial_data.json --format json

python scripts/ratio_calculator.py sample_financial_data.json --category profitability

2. DCF Valuation ( scripts/dcf_valuation.py )

Discounted Cash Flow enterprise and equity valuation with sensitivity analysis.

Features:

• WACC calculation via CAPM

• Revenue and free cash flow projections (5-year default)

• Terminal value via perpetuity growth and exit multiple methods

• Enterprise value and equity value derivation

• Two-way sensitivity analysis (discount rate vs growth rate)

python scripts/dcf_valuation.py valuation_data.json

python scripts/dcf_valuation.py valuation_data.json --format json

python scripts/dcf_valuation.py valuation_data.json --projection-years 7

3. Budget Variance Analyzer ( scripts/budget_variance_analyzer.py )

Analyze actual vs budget vs prior year performance with materiality filtering.

Features:

• Dollar and percentage variance calculation

• Materiality threshold filtering (default: 10% or $50K)

• Favorable/unfavorable classification with revenue/expense logic

• Department and category breakdown

• Executive summary generation

python scripts/budget_variance_analyzer.py budget_data.json

python scripts/budget_variance_analyzer.py budget_data.json --format json

python scripts/budget_variance_analyzer.py budget_data.json --threshold-pct 5 --threshold-amt 25000

4. Forecast Builder ( scripts/forecast_builder.py )

Driver-based revenue forecasting with rolling cash flow projection and scenario modeling.

Features:

• Driver-based revenue forecast model

• 13-week rolling cash flow projection

• Scenario modeling (base/bull/bear cases)

• Trend analysis using simple linear regression (standard library)

python scripts/forecast_builder.py forecast_data.json

python scripts/forecast_builder.py forecast_data.json --format json

python scripts/forecast_builder.py forecast_data.json --scenarios base,bull,bear

Knowledge Bases

Reference

Purpose

references/financial-ratios-guide.md

Ratio formulas, interpretation, industry benchmarks

references/valuation-methodology.md

DCF methodology, WACC, terminal value, comps

references/forecasting-best-practices.md

Driver-based forecasting, rolling forecasts, accuracy

references/industry-adaptations.md

Sector-specific metrics and considerations (SaaS, Retail, Manufacturing, Financial Services, Healthcare)

Templates

Template

Purpose

assets/variance_report_template.md

Budget variance report template

assets/dcf_analysis_template.md

DCF valuation analysis template

assets/forecast_report_template.md

Revenue forecast report template

Key Metrics & Targets

Metric

Target

Forecast accuracy (revenue)

+/-5%

Forecast accuracy (expenses)

+/-3%

Report delivery

100% on time

Model documentation

Complete for all assumptions

Variance explanation

100% of material variances

Input Data Format

All scripts accept JSON input files. See assets/sample_financial_data.json for the complete input schema covering all four tools.

Dependencies

None - All scripts use Python standard library only (math, statistics, json, argparse, datetime). No numpy, pandas, or scipy required.